Managing Microdochium Patch with Bio-Control Fungicides: A Sustainable Approach
Golf course maintenance presents a unique set of challenges, and one of the most common headaches for greenkeepers is the occurrence of Microdochium patch. This unsightly turfgrass disease can wreak havoc on golf course aesthetics and playability, especially during cool and wet weather. Traditionally, greenkeepers have turned to chemical fungicides to combat this issue, there's a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach that's gaining traction: bio-control fungicides.
Understanding Microdochium Patch
Microdochium patch is characterised by the appearance orange/brown damp patches that can in certain conditions also develop white/pinkish mycelium on the turfgrass surface, often forming circular patches. It thrives in cool, damp conditions and can damage the grass, making it less suitable for golfers. The need for effective management is clear, but the environmental impact of traditional chemical fungicides has raised concerns in recent years.
Challenges with Traditional Fungicides
Firstly, traditional fungicides are not the devil and should continue to play a role in an effective IPM for disease management. However, as environmental legislation not only reduces our choice in fungicides, but it also lowers the efficacy of many new fungicides. Therefore, we must look to adopt all technologies in our fight against this devastating turf disease.
While chemical fungicides have been the go-to solution for Microdochium patch management, they come with their share of problems. These chemicals can have adverse effects on the environment, including non-target organisms, water quality, and the potential for resistance development in the pathogen.
Overall, this calls for a more holistic and sustainable approach to disease management that ensures the long-term health of the golf course ecosystem by utilising all the effective tools at our disposal.
Bio-Control Fungicides
Bio-control fungicides, such as Harmonix Turf Defense, the first and only registered bio-control fungicide for turfgrass, offer a promising alternative. Unlike traditional chemicals, bio-control agents are living organisms, such as beneficial microorganisms (bacteria), that help suppress turfgrass diseases. These agents work in harmony with the natural environment, making them a sustainable choice for greenkeepers.
Harmonix Turf Defense for Microdochium Patch
Several bio-control agents have shown promise in managing Microdochium patch. So far, only one has been registered as an effective solution in the UK. Harmonix Turf Defense utilises a patented strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (QST 713) which produce antifungal compounds that inhibit the growth of the disease-causing fungus. These compounds are produced during production and are in the bottle, so do not rely on specific application instructions, it is applied in the same way as other plant protection products. Bio-control agents offer a more environmentally friendly way to keep Microdochium patch at bay.
Application and Integration
To effectively utilise bio-control fungicides, greenkeepers should consider factors like timing, dosage, and compatibility with other turf management practices. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is crucial, combining cultural practices such as moisture control, drainage and balanced nutrition alongside bio-control agents. By promoting overall turf health and performance, you create conditions less conducive to Microdochium patch.
Overall, greenkeepers should use bio-controls not as a direct replacement for traditional fungicides but as a tool to reduce overall usage of them and to further enhance the effectiveness of their disease management IPM programme.
Trial update
Trials conducted at Throws Farm Turf Technology Centre (Origin Amenity Solutions) in 2022/23 showed that by incorporating Harmonix Turf Defense in between fungicide applications, traditional fungicides could be halved (from six to three) with no significant difference in disease incidence compared to plots using fungicides alone (six applications).
The pictures below were taken in March 2023 and show a high level of disease in the untreated control (1 plot within a fully replicated trial). The middle picture shows the reduction in disease when using Harmonix Turf Defense alone every 14 days. The picture on the right shows the IPM using Harmonix Turf Defense alongside fungicides at intervals calculated using growth potential (3 x Harmonix Turf Defense – 3 x Fungicides).
Benefits of Bio-Control Fungicides
The advantages of bio-control fungicides are manifold. Not only do they reduce the environmental impact associated with chemical fungicides, but they also promote the long-term sustainability of the golf course. With improved turf performance and reduced chemical inputs, greenkeepers can achieve a balance between playability and ecological responsibility.
Challenges and Considerations
It's important to acknowledge that bio-control fungicides may not provide a one-size-fits-all solution. Their effectiveness can vary depending on factors like environmental conditions and turfgrass species. Greenkeepers should be prepared to monitor their results and adapt their approach as needed based on their own specific disease management goals.
Conclusion
As greenkeepers strive to maintain golf courses that are both naturally beautiful and sustainable, bio-control fungicides are emerging as a valuable tool in the fight against Microdochium patch. By reducing the environmental impact of disease management and promoting overall turf health, these eco-friendly agents are a win-win for golf courses and the environment alike. It's time to embrace a greener, more sustainable approach to turfgrass disease control.
